علل الشرائع REASONS FOR THE LAWS AL SHEYKH AL SADOUQ ABU JA FAR MUHAMMAD BIN ALI IBN AL HUSAYN BIN MUSA BIN BABUWAYH AL QUMMY DIED 381 AH

Transcription

1 علل الشرائع REASONS FOR THE LAWS الشيخ الصدوق أبي جعفر محمد بن علي ابن الحسين بن موسى بن بابويه القمي ره المتوفى سنة 183 ه AL SHEYKH AL SADOUQ ABU JA FAR MUHAMMAD BIN ALI IBN AL HUSAYN BIN MUSA BIN BABUWAYH AL QUMMY DIED 381 AH الجزء الثاني VOLUME TWO PART ONE Note This is an extract from the original. We have not included reports and certain Ahadeeth narrated by the Nasibis and those which contained elements of insults to the People asws of the Household. 1 out of 45

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME TWO PART ONE... 1 Chapter 1 Reasons for the ablution, and the Azaan (Call to the Prayer), and the Prayer... 5 Chapter 2 The reason due to which Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Obligated the Prayer... 8 Chapter 3 Reason for the Qiblah and the distortion to the left Chapter 4 The reason due to which Allah azwj Commanded for the reverence of the Masajids, and reason due to which Allah azwj the High Caused Bakht Nasar to overcome upon Bayt Al-Maqdas Chapter 6 The reason due to which it is disliked, the noise, and announcing for the lost (property), and to sharpen the weapons in the Masjid Chapter 7 The reason for Amir Al-Momineen asws breaking the Prayer Niches Chapter 8 The reason due to which it is not allowed to ennoble the Masjid Chapter 9 The reason due to which the one who extracts the pebbles from the Masjid should either return it back in its place or in another Masjid Chapter 10 Reason for extending the neck during the Bowing (Rukoo) Chapter 11 Reason for the allowance regarding the gathering between two Prayers Chapter 12 The reason due to which the recitation is loudly in Al-Zohr Prayer on the day of Friday, and the Prayers of Al-Maghrib, and Al-Isa the last, and the morning, and it is not (to be recited loudly) in Al-Zohr and Al-Asr during the rest of the days; and the reason due to which the Glorification (Tasbeeh) in the two last Cycles came to be preferable than the recitation Chapter 13 The reason due to which the loud (recitation of Surahs) is in Al Fajr Prayer besides it from the day Prayers Chapter 14 The reason due to which Al-Maghrib is to be Prayed with three Cycles during the journey and the hazards, and the rest of the Prayers, two Cycles, two Cycles Chapter 15 The reason due to which there is no shortening in Al-Maghrib Prayer and its Optional during the journey and the hazard Chapter 16 The reason due to which Al-Fajr Prayer was left upon its state Chapter 17 The reason due to which the follower (Al-Mamoum) should stand upon the right of the leader (Al-Imam), if the follower (Al-Mamoun) was one Chapter 18 Reason for the congregation out of 45

3 Chapter 19 The reason due to which one should not recite (Surahs) behind the imam (Prayer leader) Chapter 20 The reason due to which one cannot Pray behind the fool and the evil-doer.. 21 Chapter 21 The reason due to which the Prayer in the marshland is not allowed Chapter 24 The reason due to which the Optional (Prayers) were Placed Chapter 25 The reason due to which it is not allowed for the man that he should Pray with a people, or alone, and he is wearing weapons (a bow upon his shoulders or a sword around his waist); and the reason due to which it is not allowed for the sick to leave (recitation of) the Azan and the Iqama Chapter 26 The reason due to which two Cycles get Prayed after Al-Isha, whilst seated.. 26 Chapter 27 The reason due to which Rasool-Allah saww did not use to Pray two Cycles whilst seated, after Al-Isha the last, and he saww ordered for it Chapter 28 The reason due to which it is recommended for the two palms to be directly upon the ground during the Prostrations Chapter 29 Reason for placing the two hands upon the ground in the Prostrations before the two knees Chapter 30 The reason due to which it is said during the Bowing, I Glorify my Lord azwj, the Magnificent, and with His azwj Praise ( ربى العظيم وبحمده ;(سبحان and during the Prostrations, I (سبحان ربى االعلى وبحمده ( Praise Glorify my Lord azwj, the Exalted, and with His azwj Chapter 31 The reason due to which it suffices for the Imam (Prayer leader) that he should exclaim once in the opening of the Prayer Chapter 32 The reason due to which the Prayer came to be of two Cycles and four Prostrations Chapter 33 Reason for the recommendation of preparations and the abundance of the clothes in the Prayer Chapter 34 The reason due to which it is recommended that one should Pray the morning Prayer at dawn Chapter 35 The reason due to which it is not allowed to leave the Azan and the Iqama during Al-Fajr and Al-Magrib, neither during the travel nor a hazard Chapter 36 The reason due to which Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Obligated five Prayers upon the people during five timings Chapter 37 The reason due to which a neglecter of the Prayers is named as a disbeliever out of 45

4 Chapter 38 The reason due to which Abu Ja far Al-Baqir asws Prayed with his asws companions, so he asws recited (Surah) Al-Hamd (Chapter 1), and a Verse from Surah Al- Baqarah (Chapter 2) Chapter 39 The reason due to which it is recommended to prolong the Prostrations Chapter 40 The reason due to which Rasool-Allah saww did not delay Al-Isha to the middle of the night Chapter 41 The reason due to which the Prostration is allowed upon the back of the palm due to the scorching heat Chapter 42 The reason due to which the Prostration is not allowed except upon the earth, or upon what the earth grows, except for what is eaten or worn Chapter 43 The reason due to which it is not allowed for the man that he should Pray in hair and fur of the (animal) whose flesh it not eaten Chapter 45 The reason due to which it is recommended to Pray the Optional Prayer during the time of the inattention Chapter 46 The reason due to which it is recommended to separate the Optional Prayer into the (different) places Chapter 48 The reason due to which it is not allowed for the man that he should Pray and upon his moustache is henna Chapter 49 The reason due to which the women during the era of Rasool-Allah saww had been ordered that they should not be raising their heads except after the men Chapter 50 The reason due to which the two hands are raised towards the sky in supplication, and Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic is in every place out of 45

5 بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم الحمد هلل رب العالمين وصلى هللا على سيدنا محمد وآله الطاهرين وسلم تسليما. In the Name of Allah azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allah azwj Lord azwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammad saww and his saww Purified Progeny asws, and greetings with abundant greetings. )باب - 3 علل الوضوء واالذان والصالة( Chapter 1 Reasons for the ablution, and the Azaan (Call to the Prayer), and the Prayer قال الشيخ الفقيه أبو جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن موسى بن بابويه القمي مصنف هذا الكتاب: حدثنا أبي ومحمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد )رض( قاال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا قال: حدثنا محمد بن عيسى بن عبيد عن محمد بن أبي عمير ومحمد بن سنان عن الصباح السدي وسدير الصيرفي ومحمد بن النعمان مؤمن الطاق وعمر بن اذينة عن أبي عبد هللا عليه السالم وحدثنا محمد بن الحسن ابن احمد بن الوليد رضي هللا عنه قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار وسعد ابن عبد هللا قاال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أبي الخطاب ويعقوب بن يزيد ومحمد بن عيسى عن عبد هللا بن جبلة عن الصباح المزني وسدير الصيرفي ومحمد بن النعمان االحول وعمر بن اذينة عن أبي عبد هللا عليه السالم انهم حضروه فقال: يا عمر بن اذينة ما ترى هذه الناصبة في آذانهم وصالتهم فقلت جعلت فداك انهم يقولون ان أي بن كعب االنصاري رآه في النوم فقال كذبوا وهللا ان هللا تبارك وتعالى اعز من أنت يرى في النوم Al Sheykh Al Faqih Abu Ja far Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn Bin Musa Bin Babuwayh Al Qumyy, the author of this book, said, My father and Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed both narrated o us, from Sa a Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr and Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al Sabah Al Sady, and Sudeyr Al Sayrafi and Muhammad Bin Al Noman Momin Al Taaq, and Umar Bin Azina, from Abu Abdullah asws. And Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Ibn Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar and Sa ad Ibn Abdullah, both from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Abu Al Khatab, and Yaqoub Bin Yazeed and Muhammad Bin Isa, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Al Sabah Al Mazny, and Sudeyr Al Sayrafi and Muhammad Bin Al Noman Al Ahowl, and Umar Bin Azina, (The narrator says) some of us were there in the presence of Abu Abdullah asws, so he asws said: O Umar Bin Hazina! What do you see these Nasibis with regards to their Azan and their Prayers? So I said, May I be sacrificed for you asws! They are saying that Ubay Bin Ka ab, the Helper, saw Him azwj in his sleep (a dream) (Detailing the Azan and the Prayers). So he asws said: They are lying! By Allah azwj! Allah azwj Blessed and High is more Honourable than you see Him azwj in the sleep (dream). وقال أبو عبد هللا عليه السالم ان هللا العزيز الجبار عرج بنبيه صلى هللا عليه وآله إلى سمائه سبعا اما أولهن فبارك عليه والثانية علمه فيها فرضه فانزل هللا العزيز الجبار عليه محمال من نور فيه أربعون نوعا من انواع النور كانت محدقة حول العرش عرشه تبارك وتعالى تغشى أبصار الناظرين أما واحد منها فاصفر فمن أجل ذلك اصفرت الصفرة وواحد منها أحمر فمن أجل ذلك احمرت الحمرة وواحد منها أبيض فمن اجل ذلك ابيض البياض والباقي على عدد سائر ما خلق من االنوار وااللوان في ذلك المحمل حلق وسالسل من فضة فجلس عليه And Abu Abdullah asws said: Allah azwj, the Mighty, the Compeller, Ascended His azwj Prophet saww to His azwj seventh sky. As for in the first of these (skies), so He azwj Blessed upon him saww, and at the second, Taught him saww his saww Obligations therein. So the Mighty, the Compeller Sent down a palanquin of Light, in which were forty types from the types of Lights which used to hover around the Throne, the Throne of the Blessed and the High, overwhelming the visions of the onlookers. As for one of these (Lights), so it was a yellow (Light), thus it is due to it that the yellow gets its 5 out of 45

6 yellowness. And one of these was a red (Light), thus it is due to that the red gets it redness. And one of these was a white (Light), thus it is due to that, the white gets its whiteness. And the rest were upon a number of what Allah azwj Created from the Lights and the colours. In that palanquin were reins and chains of silver. So he saww sat upon it. ثم عرج إلى السماء الدنيا فنفرت المالئكة إلى أطراف السماء ثم خرت سجدا فقالت: سبوح قدوس ربنا ورب المالئكة والروح ما أشبه هذا النور بنور ربنا فقال جبرئيل عليه السالم هللا اكبر هللا اكبر فسكتت المالئكة وفتحت ابواب السماء واجتمعت المالئكة ثم جاءت فسلمت على النبي صلى هللا عليه وآله افواجا ثم قالت يا محمد كيف اخوك قال بخير قالت: فان ادركته فاقرأه منا السالم فقال النبي صلى هللا عليه وآله أتعرفونه فقالوا: كيف لم نعرفه وقد أخذ هللا عزوجل ميثاقك وميثاقه منا وانا لنصلي عليك وعليه Then he saww was ascended with to the sky of the world, so the Angels alienated themselves to the outskirts of the sky, then fell down prostrate. So they said: Glorious, Holy is our Lord azwj, and the Lord azwj of the Angels and the (Holy) Spirit! How this Light resembles the Light of our Lord azwj! So Jibraeel as said: Allah azwj is the Greatest! Allah azwj is the Greatest! So the Angels were silenced, and the gateways of the sky were opened up, and the Angels gathered around. Then they came over and greeted to the Prophet saww in droves. Then they said: O Muhammad saww! How is your saww brother asws? He saww said: With goodness. They said: So if you saww see him asws next, so convey the greetings from us. So the Prophet saww said: Do you recognise him asws? So they said: How can we not recognise him asws, and Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic has Taken your saww Covenant and his asws Covenant from us, and we have been sending Blessings upon you saww and upon him asws (ever since). ثم زاده أربعين نوعا من أنواع النور ال يشبه شئ منه ذلك النور االول وزاده في محمله حلقا وسالسل ثم عرج به إلى السماء الثانية فلما قرب من باب السماء تنافرت المالئكة إلى اطراف السماء وخرت سجدا وقالت سبوح قدوس رب المالئكة والروح ما أشبه هذا النور بنور ربنا فقال جبرئيل عليه السالم أشهد أن ال إله إال هللا أشهد أن ال إله إال هللا فاجتمعت المالئكة وفتحت أبواب السماء وقالت: يا جبرئيل من هذا الذي معك فقال هذا محمد صلى هللا عليه وآله قالوا وقد بعث قال نعم Then forty types from the types of Lights were increased, with nothing resembling that from the first types of Lights, and the reins and chains were increased in the palanquin. Then he saww was ascended with to the second sky. So when he saww came near to the gateway of the sky, the Angels alienated themselves to the outskirts of the sky and fell down prostrate, and said: Glorious, Holy is the Lord azwj of the Angels and the (Holy) Spirit! How this Light resembles with the Light of our Lord azwj! So Jibraeel as said: I as testify that there is no god except for Allah azwj! I as testify that there is no god except for Allah azwj! So the Angels gathered around, and the gateway of the sky was opened up, and they said : O Jibraeel as! Who is this one saww with you as? So he as said: This is Muhammad saww! They said: And he as has (already) been Sent (to the world)? He as said: Yes. قال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله فخرجوا إلى شبه المعانيق فسلموا علي وقالوا: إقرأ أخاك السالم فقلت هل تعرفونه قالوا: نعم وكيف ال نعرفته وقد أخذ هللا ميثاقك وميثاقه وميثاق شيعته إلى يوم القيامة علينا وانا لنتصفح وجوه شيعته في كل يوم خمسا يعنون في كل وقت صالة Rasool-Allah as said: So they all came over to me saww in between the curtains, so they greeted me saww and said: Convey the greetings to your saww brother! So I saww said: Do you all recognise him asws? They said: Yes, and how can we not recognise 6 out of 45

7 him asws and Allah azwj has Taken your saww Covenant, and his asws Covenant, and a Covenant of his asws Shias up to the Day of Judgement, against us, and we browse through the faces of his asws Shias, in every day, five times meaning during every time of the Prayer. قال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله ثم زادني ربي تعالى أربعين نوعا من أنواع النور ال تشبه االنوار االول وزادني حلقا وسالسل ثم عرج به إلى السماء الثالثة فنفرت المالئكة إلى اطراف السماء خرجت سجدا وقالت سبوح قدوس رب المالئكة والروح ما هذا النور الذي يشبه نور ربنا فقال جبرئيل عليه السالم: اشهد أن محمدا رسول هللا أشهد أن محمدا رسول هللا فاجتمعت المالئكة وفتحت ابواب السماء وقالت: مرحبا باالول ومرحبا باآلخر ومرحبا بالحاشر ومرحبا بالناشر محمد خاتم النبيين وعلى خير الوصيين Rasool-Allah saww said: Then my saww Lord azwj Increased for me saww, forty types from the types of the Light, not resembling the first Lights, and Increased for me saww reins and chains (of silver in the Palanquin). Then I saww was ascended with to the third sky. So the Angels alienated themselves to the outskirts of the sky, falling down prostrate, and said: Glorious, Holy is Lord azwj of the Angels and the (Holy) Spirit! What is this Light which resembles the Light of our Lord azwj? So Jibraeel as said: I as testify that Muhammad saww is Rasool-Allah saww! I as testify that Muhammad saww is Rasool- Allah saww! So the Angels gathered around and the gateway of the sky was opened up, and they said: Welcome to the first (of the people), and welcome to the last (of the Prophets as ), and welcome to the one with whom we will be Resurrected, and welcome to the publisher (of the deeds), Muhammad saww, the seal of the Prophets as, and Ali asws the best of the successors as. فقال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله سلموا علي وسألوني عن علي أخي فقلت هو في االرض خليفتي أو تعرفونه قالوا: نعم وكيف ال نعرفه وقد نحج البيت المعمور في كل سنة مرة وعليه رق أبيض فيه اسم محمد صلى هللا عليه وآله وعلي والحسن والحسين واالئمة وشيعتهم إلى يوم القيامة وإنا لنبارك على رؤسهم بايدينا So Rasool-Allah saww said: They greeted to me saww, and asked me saww about Ali asws, my saww brother asws. So I saww said: He asws is in the earth, as my saww Caliph. Do you all recognise him asws? They said: Yes, and how can we not recognise him asws, and we perform Hajj of The Oft-Frequented House (Bayt Al-Mamour) once in every year, and upon it is a white parchment in which are the names of Muhammad saww, and Ali asws, and Al-Hassan asws, and Al-Husayn asws, and the Imams asws, and their asws Shias up to the Day of Judgement, and we attain Blessings by touching our hands upon these (names). ثم زادني ربى تعالى أربعين نوعا من انواع النور ال تشبه شيئا من تلك االنوار االول وزادني حلقا وسالسل ثم عرج بي إلى السماء الرابعة فلم تقل المالئكة شيئا وسمعت دويا كأنه في الصدور واجتمعت المالئكة ففتحت أبواب السماء وخرجت إلى معانيق فقال جبرئيل )ع( حي على الصالة حي على الصالة حي على الفالح حي على الفالح فقالت المالئكة صوتين مقرونين بمحمد تقوم الصالة وبعلي الفالح فقال جبرئيل قد قامت الصالة قد قامت الصالة فقالت المالئكة هي لشيعته اقاموها إلى يوم القيامة Then my saww Lord azwj Increased for me as forty types from the types of the Light, not resembling anything from the first Lights, and Increased for me saww reins and chains (of silver for the Palanquin). Then I saww was ascended with to the fourth sky. The Angels did not say anything and I saww heard sounds as if it were in the chests, and the Angels gathered around. So the gateways of the sky were opened, and they came out to the curtains (of the Palanquin). So Jibraeel as said: Hasten to the Prayer! Hasten to the Prayer! Hasten to the success! Hasten to the success! So the Angels 7 out of 45

8 said: Two voices repeated twice. By Muhammad saww the Prayer is established, and by Ali asws is the success. So Jibraeel as said: The Prayer is established! The Prayer is established! So the Angels said: This is for his asws Shias who will be establishing it up to the Day of Judgement. ثم اجتمعت المالئكة فقالوا للنبي أين تركت أخاك وكيف هو فقال لهم: أتعرفونه فقالوا نعم نعرفه وشيعته وهو نور حول عرش هللا وان في البيت المعمور لرقا من نور فيه كتاب من نور فيه اسم محمد وعلى الحسن والحسين واالئمة وشيعتهم ال يزيد فيهم رجل وال ينقص منهم رجل انه لميثاقنا الذي أخذ علينا وانه ليقرء علينا في كل يوم جمعة Then the Angels gathered, so they said to the Prophet saww : Where did you saww leave your saww brother asws, and how is he asws? So he saww said to them: Do you all recognise him asws? So they said: Yes, we do recognise him asws and his asws Shias, and it is upon a parchment of Light around the Throne of Allah azwj, and in the Oft- Frequented House (Bayt Al-Mamour), in which is an inscription of Light, in which is the name of Muhammad saww, and Ali asws, and Al-Hassan asws, and Al-Husayn asws, and the Imams asws, and their asws Shias. Not a man would increase in them, nor would a man decrease from them. It is a Covenant which has been Taken from us, and it is being recited to us during every Friday. فسجدت هلل شكرا فقال يا محمد ارفع رأسك فرفععت رأسي فإذا أطناب السماء قد خرقت والحجب قد رفعت ثم قال لي طأطئ رأسك وانظر ما ذا ترى فطأطأت رأسي فنظرت إلى بيتكم هذا وحرمكم هذا فإذا هو مثل حرم ذلك البيت يتقابل لو ألقيت شيئا من يدي لم يقع إال عليه فقال لي يا محمد هذا الحرم وأنت الحرام لكل مثل مثال ثم ققال لي ربي تعالى يا محمد مد يدك فيتلقاك ماء يسيل من ساق العرش االيمن فنزل الماء فتلقيته So I saww prostrated to Allah azwj in gratitude, so He azwj Said: O Muhammad saww! Raise your saww head. So I saww raised my saww head, and I saww saw the sky to have been cleft (split) asunder (open) and the Veils to have been Lifted. Then He azwj Said to me saww : Lower your saww head and look at what you saww see. So I saww lowered my saww head, so I saww was looking at this House (Kabah) of yours, and this Sanctuary (Haram) of yours, so it was like the Sanctuary of that House facing it. Had I saww thrown anything from my saww hand, it would not have fallen anywhere except upon it. So He azwj Said to me saww : O Muhammad saww! This is the sanctuary, and you saww are sanctimonious. For every example is an example. Then my saww Lord azwj the Exalted Said to me saww : O Muhammad saww! Extend your saww hand, so you saww will receive water which flows from the Right Base of the Throne. So the water descended, and I saww received it. 1 )باب - 2 العلة التي من أجلها فرض هللا عزوجل الصالة( Chapter 2 The reason due to which Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Obligated the Prayer حدثنا علي بن احمد بن محمد رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد هللا الكوفي عن محمد بن اسماعيل البرقى قال: حدثنا علي بن العباس عن عمر بن عبد العزيز قال حدثنا هشام بن الحكم قال: سألت أبا عبد هللا عليه السالم عن علة الصالة فان فيها مشغلة للناس عن حوائجهم ومتعبة لهم في ابدانهم قال فيها علل وذلك ان الناس لو تركوا بغير تنبيه وال تذكر للنبي صلى هللا عليه وآله باكثر من الخبر االول وبقاء الكتاب في أيديهم فقط لكانوا على ما كان عليه االولون 1 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 1 H 1 8 out of 45

9 Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Barqy, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the reason for the Salat (Prayer), for in it is an occupation for the people about their needs, and tiredness with regard to their bodies. He asws said: Regarding it is a reason, and that is that the people, had they been left, with neither a stimulation nor mentioning of the Prophet saww, like most of the former ones, only the Book (Quran) would have been left in their hands, and they would have been what the former ones have been on. فانهم قد كانوا اتخذوا دينا ووضعوا كتبا ودعوا اناسا إلى ما هم عليه وقتلوهم على ذلك فدرس امرهم وذهب حين ذهبوا واراد هللا تبارك وتعالى أن ال ينسيهم امر محمد صلى هللا عليه وآله ففرض عليهم الصالة يذكرونه في كل يوم خمس مرات ينادون باسمه وتعبدوا بالصالة وذكر هللا لكيال يغفلوا عنه وينسوه فيندرس ذكره. So they used to take to a Religion and wasted the Books, and invited the people to what they were upon, and killed them upon that. Thus, their affairs became extinct and it went away when they went away (died), and Allah azwj Blessed and High Intended that they (people) should not forget the matter of Muhammad saww, therefore Allah azwj Obligated the Prayer upon them, mentioning him saww five times a day, calling him saww by his saww name, and worshiping (Allah azwj ) with the Salat (Prayer), and remembering Allah azwj, otherwise they would be oblivious (unmindful) from Him azwj, and forget Him azwj, so that His azwj mentioning is not to become extinct (as well). 2 حدثنا علي بن احمد بن محمد قال: حدثنا محمد بن يعقوب قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد هللا عن محمد بن اسماعيل عن علي بن العباس قال حدثنا القاسم بن ربيع الصحاف عن محمد بن سنان: ان ابا الحسن علي بن موسى الرضا عليه السالم كتب إليه فيما كتب من جواب مسائله ان علة الصالة انها إقرار بالربوبة هلل عزوجل وخلع االنداد وقيام بين يدي الجبار جل جالله بالذل والمسكنة والخضوع واالعتراف والطلب لالقالة من سالف الذنوب ووضع الوجه على االرض كل يوم خمس مرات اعظاما هلل عزوجل Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Al Qasim Bin Rabi e Al Sahaf, from Muhammad Bin Sinan who said, Abu Al-Hassan Ali asws Bin Musa Al-Reza asws wrote to him in answer to what he had written to him asws of his question, that: The reason for the Prayer is that it is an acknowledgment of the Lordship of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic and staying away from the false gods, and of standing in front of the Compeller, Majestic is His azwj Majesty, with humbleness and the needfulness, and the submissiveness, and the recognition, and the seeking for the dismissal of the past sins, and placing of the face upon the ground five times a day, in reverence to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic. وأن يكون ذاكرا غير ناس وال بطر ويكون خاشعا متذلال راغبا طالبا للزيادة في الدين والدنيا مع ما فيه من االنزجار والمداومة على ذكر هللا عزوجل بالليل والنهار لئال ينسى العبد سيده ومدبره وخالفه فيبطر ويطغى ويكون في ذكره لربه وقيامه بين يديه زاجرا له عن المعاصي ومانعا من انواع الفساد. And he would become a mentioner (of Allah azwj ), not a forgetter, nor arrogant, and he would become fearful, humble, hopeful, seeking for the increase in the Religion and 2 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 2 H 1 9 out of 45

10 the world along with that he is in from the audacities (braveries), and be preoccupied upon the mentioning of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic by the night and the day, otherwise the servant would forget his Master azwj, and his Organiser, and may end up opposing him, thus he would be arrogant, and he would rebel, and would become audacious in his mentioning his Lord azwj, and his standing in front of Him azwj, audacious to Him azwj about the disobedience, and (the Prayer) would prevent him from various types of the mischief. 3 )باب - 1 علة القبلة والتحريف إلى اليسار( Chapter 3 Reason for the Qiblah and the distortion to the left حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن ادريس رحمه هللا عن أبيه عن محمد بن حسان عن محمد بن علي الكوفي عن علي بن حسان الواسطي عن عمه عبد الرحمان بن كثير عن المفضل بن عمر قال: سألت أبا عبد هللا عليه السالم عن التحريف الصحابنا ذات اليسار عن القبلة وعن السبب فيه فقال: ان الحجر االسود لما أنزل به من الجنة ووضع في موضعه جعل انصاب الحرم من حيث لحقه النور نور الحجر فهي عن يمين الكعبة اربعة اميال وعن يسارها ثمانية اميال كله اثنا عشر ميال فإذا انحرف االنسان ذات اليمين خرج عن حد القببلة لعلة انصاب الحرم وإذا انحرف ذات اليسار لم يككن خارجا عن حد القبلة. Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Bin Idrees narrated to us, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Hisan, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Ali Bin Hasaan Al Wasity, from his uncle Abdul Rahman Bin Kaseer, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the distortion for our companions (slightly) towards the left from the Qiblah, and about the cause with regards to it? So he asws said: When the Black Stone االسود) (الحجر was descended with from the Paradise and placed in its place, the Sanctuary was made to be established from where the Light of the Black Stone reached. So it is four miles from the right of the Kaaba, and from its left it is eight miles, all of it being twelve miles. So when the human being deviates towards the right, he would exit from a Limit of the Qiblah due to the reason of the establishment of the Sanctuary. And when he deviates towards the left, he would not end up exiting from a Limit of the Qiblah. 4 حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن احمد بن الوليد رضي هللا عنه قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار عن العباس بن معروف عن علي بن مهزيار عن الحسن ابن سعيد عن إبراهيم بن أبي البالد عن أبي غرة قال: قال لي أبو عبد هللا عليه السالم البيت قبلة المسجد والمسجد قبلة مكة ومكة قبلة الحرم والحرم قبلة الدنيا. Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Al Abbas Bin marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al Hassan Ibn Saeed, from Ibrahim Bin Abu A Bilad, from Abu Garat who said, Abu Abdullah asws said to me: The House (Kabah) is a Qiblah of the Masjid, and the Masjid is a Qiblah of Makkah, and Makkah is a Qiblah of the الحرم Sanctuary, and the Sanctuary is a Qiblah of the world. 5 3 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 2 H 2 4 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 3 H 1 5 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 3 H 2 10 out of 45

11 )باب - 4 المقدس( العلة التي من أجلها أمر هللا بتعظيم المساجد والعلة( )التي من أجلها سلط هللا تعالى بخت نصر على بيت Chapter 4 The reason due to which Allah azwj Commanded for the reverence of the Masajids, and reason due to which Allah azwj the High Caused Bakht Nasar to overcome upon Bayt Al-Maqdas حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن محمد قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد هللا الكوفي عن موسى بن عمران عن عمه الحسين بن يزيد النوفلي عن علي بن أبي حمزة عن أبي بصير قال: سألت أبا عبد هللا عليه السالم عن العلة في تعظيم المساجد فقال: إنما أمر بتعظيم المساجد النها بيوت هللا في االرض. Ali Bin Ahmad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Musa Bin Imran, from his uncle Al Husayn Bin Yazeed Al Nowfal, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the reason regarding the reverence of the Masajids, so he asws said: But rather, Allah azwj Commanded for the revering of the Masaajids because these are the Houses of Allah azwj in the earth. 6 أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا عن محمد بن الحسين عن صفوان بن يحيى عن كليب الصيداوي عن أبي عبد هللا عليه السالم قال: مكتوب في التوراة: ان بيوتي في االرض المساجد فطوبى لمن تطهر في بيته ثم زارني في بيتى وحق المزور أن يكرم الزائر. My father said, Sa ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Kaleyb Al Saydawi, Abu Abdullah asws has said: It is written in the Torah: My azwj Houses in the earth are the Masaajids, so congratulations for the one purifies himself in his house, then visits Me azwj in My azwj House, and it is a right upon the visited one that he should honour the visitor. 7 حدثنا محمد بن الحسين بن احمد بن الوليد رضي هللا عنه قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار عن العباس بن معروف عن موسى بن بكر عن أبي الحسن االول عليه السالم قال: قال النبي صلى هللا عليه وآله ان هللا اوحى إلى موسى إنى منزل عليك من السماء نارا فاسرج منها في بيت المقدس فقال: لما خرب بخت نصر البيت والقى فيه الكناسات اتخذ فيه حشا فشكت تلك البقعة إلى هللا عزوجل فقالت: يا رب عمرتني بمالئكتك وجعلتني بيتك وجعلت في مواضع خيار أنبيائك ورسلك وسلطت على مجوسيا يعبد النيران ففعل في ما فعل قال: فأوحى هللا عزوجل إليها إنما فعلت بك هذا ليعلم أهل القرى انهم إذا عصوني كانوا على اهون. Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Al Abbas Bin Marouf, from Musa Bin Bakr, (It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan asws the First having said: The Prophet saww said: Allah azwj Revealed unto Musa as : I azwj shall be Sending down to you as, a Fire from the sky, so illuminate Bayt Al-Maqdas from it. So he as said: When Bakht Nasr ruined the Bayt (Al-Maqdas), and demolished the churches, took the wild animals in it, that spot complained to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic, so it said: O Lord azwj! You azwj Had me to be built by Your azwj Angels, and Made me to be Your azwj House, and Made to be in my place, the best of Your azwj Prophets as, and Your azwj Rasools as, and (now) the Magians have overcome and are worshipping the fires, so they did 6 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 4 H 1 7 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 4 H 2 11 out of 45

12 what they did. He asws said: So Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto it: But rather, this was done with you in order for the people of the town to know that if they were to disobey Me azwj, they would end up being weakened. 8 )باب - 6 العلة التي من أجلها يكره الصوت وانشاد الضالة وبرى( )المشاقص في المسجد( Chapter 6 The reason due to which it is disliked, the noise, and announcing for the lost (property), and to sharpen the weapons in the Masjid أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار عن محمد بن احمد باسناده رفعه: ان رجال جاء إلى المسجد ينشد ضالة له فقال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله قولوا له الرد هللا عليك فانها لغير هذا بنيت My father said, Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, by his chain, raising it, He asws (the Imam asws ) said: A man came to the Masjid and announced for something which he had lost, so Rasool-Allah saww said: Say to him, May Allah azwj not return it to you, for it (Masjid) has been built for other than this. قال: ورفع الصوت في المجالس يكره وان رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله مر برجل يبرى مشاقص له في المسجد فنهاه وقال: انها لغير هذا بنيت. He asws said: And the raising of the voices is dislike in the gathering, and that Rasool- Allah saww passed by a man who was sharpening weapons/tools of his in the Masjid. So he saww forbade him and said: It (Masjid) has been built for other than this. 9 وبهذا االسناد عن محمد بن احمد عن الحسن بن موسى الخشاب عن علي ابن اسباط عن بعض رجاله قال: قال أبو عبد هللا عليه السالم جنبوا مساجدكم الشراء والبيع والمجانين والصبيان والضالة واالحكام والحدود ورفع الصوت. And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Al Hassan Bin Musa Al Khashab, from Ali Ibn Asbat, from one of his men who said, Abu Abdullah asws said: Keep aside from your Masjids the buying, and the selling, and the insane, and the children, and the (announcement) for lost items, and the judgement, and the Limits (punishments), and raising of the voices. 10 )باب - 7 العلة التي في كسر أمير المؤمنين عليه السالم المحاريب( Chapter 7 The reason for Amir Al-Momineen asws Prayer Niches breaking the أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا عن احمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن محمد بن يحيى الخزاز عن طلحة بن زيد عن جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه )ع( ان عليا )ع( كان يكسر المحاريب إذا رآها في المساجد ويقول: كأنها مذابح اليهود. My father said, Sa ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Khazaz, from Talha Bin Zayd, 8 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 4 H 3 9 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 6 H 1 10 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 6 H 2 12 out of 45

13 (It has been narrated) from Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father asws having said: Ali asws used to break the Prayer Niches whenever he asws saw it in the Masajids, and he asws was saying: It is like the altars of the Jews. 11 )باب - 8 العلة التي من أجلها ال يجوز ان تشرف المساجد( Chapter 8 The reason due to which it is not allowed to ennoble the Masjid أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا عن احمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن محمد بن يحيى الخزاز عن طلحة بن زيد عن جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه )ع( ان عليا عليه السالم رأى مسجدا بالكوفة قد شرف فقال: كأنها بيعة وقال: ان المساجد ال تشرف تبنى جما. My father said, Sa ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Khazaz, from Talha Bin Zayd, (It has been narrated) from Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father asws having said: Ali asws saw a Masjid at Al-Kufa which had been ennobled (dignified), so he asws said: It is like a church. And he asws said: The Masjid should not be ennobled with an intensely (decorative) built. 12 )باب - 9 العلة التي من أجلها يجب على من أخرج الحصاة( )من المسجد أن يردها في مكانها أو في مسجد آخر( Chapter 9 The reason due to which the one who extracts the pebbles from the Masjid should either return it back in its place or in another Masjid حدثنا محمد بن علي ما جيلويه عن أبيه عن أحمد بن أبي عبد هللا عن ابيه عن وهب بن وهب عن جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه )ع( قال: إذا اخرج احدكم الحصاة من المسجد فليردها مكانها أو في مسجد آخر فانها تسبح. Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya narrated to us, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Wahab Bin Wahab, (It has been narrated) from Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father asws having said: If one of you were to take any pebbles from the Masjid, he should either return it in its place or in another Masjid, for it Glorifies (Allah azwj ). 13 )باب - 31 علة مد العنق في الركوع( Chapter 10 Reason for extending the neck during the Bowing (Rukoo) أخبرني علي بن حاتم قال حدثنا ابراهيم بن علي قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد االنصاري قال حدثنا الحسين بن علي العلوي عن ابي حكيم الزاهد عن احمد ابن عبد هللا قال: قال رجل المير المؤمنين عليه السالم يابن عم خير خلق هللا ما معنى رفع يديك في التكبيرة االولى فقال )ع( قوله: هللا اكبر - يعنى الواحد االحد الذي ليس كمثله شئ ال يقاس بشئ وال يلتبس 11 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 7 H 1 12 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 8 H 1 13 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 9 H 1 13 out of 45

14 باالجناس وال يدرك بالحواس قال الرجل: ما معنى مد عنقك في الركوع قال: نأويله آمنت بواحدانيتك ولو ضربت عنقي. Ali Bin Hatim informed me, from Ibrahim Bin Ali, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Ansary, from Al Husayn Bin Ali Al Alawy, from Abu Hakeem Al Zahid, from Ahmad Ibn Abdullah who said, A Man said to Amir Al-Momineen asws, O cousin asws of the best of Allah azwj s creatures! What is the meaning of raising your (one s) hand during the first exclamation (Takbeer)? So he asws said: His Words Allah azwj is the Greatest! mean the One, the Alone, Who cannot be resembled by anything, nor Analogised with anything, nor confused with any species, nor can be grasped by the senses. The man said, What is the meaning of extending your (one s) neck during the Bowing (Rukoo)? He asws said: We take Shelter to Him azwj, i.e., I have believed in Your azwj Oneness even if my neck is struck off. 14 )باب - 33 علة الرخصة في الجميع بين الصالتين( Chapter 11 Reason for the allowance regarding the gathering between two Prayers حدثنا الحسين بن احمد بن ادريس رحمه هللا عن أبيه قال: حدثنا أحمد ابن محمد بن عيسى عن علي بن الحكم عن اسحاق بن عمار عن أبي عبد هللا عليه السالم قال: ان رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله صلى الظهر والعصر في مكان واحد من غير علة وال سبب فقال له عمر: - وكان أجرأ القوم عليه - أحدث في الصالة شئ قال ال ولكن أردت أن أوسع على أمتى. Al Husayn Bin Ahmad Bin Idrees narrated to us, from his father, from Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Is haq Bin Amaar, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: Rasool-Allah saww Prayed Al-Zohar and Al-Asr in one place without any reason nor any cause. So Umar said to him saww, And the people would (become) bolder over it. Has anything new (Revealed) with regards to the Prayer? He saww said: No, but I saww wanted that I saww should grant leeway upon my saww community. 15 حدثنا احمد بن محمد بن يحيى العطار عن أبيه عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن محمد بن سنان عن عبد الملك القمي عن أبي عبد هللا عليه السالم قال: قلت جمع بين الصالتين من غير علة قال: قد فعل ذلك رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله واراد التخفيف على أمته. Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar narrated to us, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abdul Malik Al Qummy, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws, said, I said, Can there be a gathering between the two Prayers without a reason? He asws said: That was done by Rasool- Allah saww, and he saww intended the lightening upon his saww community. 16 أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا عن احمد بن محمد عن علي ابن الحكم عن عبد هللا بن بكير عن زرارة عن أبي عبد هللا )ع( قال: صلى رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله بالناس الظهر والعصر حين زالت الشمس في جماعة من غير 14 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 10 H 1 15 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 1 16 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 2 14 out of 45

15 علة وصلى بهم المغرب والعشاء اآلخرة بعد عليه وآله ليتسع الوقت على أمته. سقوط الشفق من غير علة في جماعة وان فعل ذلك رسول هللا صلى هللا My father said, Sa ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Ibn Al Hakam, from Abdullah Bin Bakeyr, from Zarara, Abu Abdullah asws has said: Rasool-Allah saww Prayed Al-Zohar and Al-Asr with the people in a congregation, when the sun set, without a reason, and Prayed with them Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha the last, in a congregation, after the declining of the sun, without a reason, and Rasool-Allah saww did that in order to expand the timings over his saww community. 17 حدثنا علي بن عبد هللا الوراق وعلي بن محمد بن الحسن القزويني المعروف بابن قبرة قاال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا قال: حدثنا العباس بن سعيد االزرق قال: حدثنا زهير بن حرب عن سفيان بن عيينة عن أبي الزبير عن سعيد ابن جبير عن ابن عباس قال: جمع رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله بين الظهر والعصر من غير خوف وال سفر فقال: أراد أن ال يحرج على أحد من أمته. Ali Bin Abdullah Al Waraq, and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Qazwiny, well knows as Ibn Qabra, both narrated to us, from Sa ad Bin Abdullah, from Al Abbas Bin Saeed Al Azraq, from Zuhayr Bin Harb, from Sufyan Bin Ayayna, from Abu Al Zubayr, from Saeed Ibn Jubeyr, from Ibn Abbas who said, Rasool-Allah saww gathered between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr (Prayers) without there being any fear nor being on any journey, so he saww said: I saww wanted that there should not be any constraint upon anyone from his (my) saww community. 18 حدثنا علي بن عبد هللا الوراق وعلي بن محمد بن الحسن القزويني قاال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا قال: حدثنا محمد بن عبد هللا بن أبي خلف قال: حدثنا أبو يعلى بن الليث أخو محمد بن الليث والى قم قال: حدثنا عون بن جعفر المخزومي عن داود بن قيس الفراء عن صالح مولى التوأمة عن ابن عباس: ان رسول هللا جمع بين الظهر والعصر والمغرب والعشاء من غير مطر وال سفر قال: فقيل البن عباس ما أراد به قال أراد التوسع المته. Ali Bin Abdullah Al Waraq, and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Qazwiny both narrated to us, from Sa ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Abu Khalaf, from Abu Ya la Bin Al Lays, brother of Muhammad Al Lays, a ruler of Qum, from Awn Bin Ja far Al Makhzoumy, from Dawood Bin Qays Al Fara a, from Salih, a slave of Al Tawamat, from Ibn Abbas who said, Rasool-Allah azwj gathered between Al-Zohr & Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib & Al-Isha, without there being any rain or being on a journey. So it was said to Ibn Abbas, What was intended by it? He said, The leeway for his saww community. 19 حدثنا علي بن عبد هللا الوراق قال: حدثنا أبو خيثمة زهير بن حرب قال: حدثنا اسماعيل بن علية عن ليث عن طاوس عن ابن عباس: ان رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله جمع بين الظهر والعصر والمغرب والعشاء في السفر والحضر. Ali Bin Abdullah Al Waraq narrated to us, from Abu Khameesa Zuhayr Bin Harb, from Ismail Bin Alayt, from Lays Bin Tawoos, from Ibn Abbas who said, Rasool-Allah saww gathered between Al-Zohr & Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib & Al-Isha, during the journey and the danger ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 3 18 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 4 19 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 6 15 out of 45

16 حدثنا علي بن عبد هللا الوراق وعلي بن محمد بن الحسن القزويني قاال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا قال: حدثنا العباس بن سعيد االزرق قال: حدثنا سويد ابن سعيد االنباري عن محمد بن عثمان عن الجمحي عن الحكم بن أبان عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس وعن نافع عن عبد هللا بن عمر: ان النبي صلى هللا عليه وآله صلى بالمدينة مقيما غير مسافر جمعا وتماما. Ali Bin Abdullah Al Waraq and Ali Bin Muhammad Al Hassan Al Qazwiny both narrated to us, from Sa ad Bin Abdullah, from Al Abbas Bin saeed Al Azraq, from Suweyd Ibn Saeed Al Anbary, from Muhammad Bin Usman, from Al Jami e, from Al Hakam Bin Aban, from Akrama, from Ibn Abbas, and from Nafau, from Abdullah Bin Umar who said, The Prophet saww Prayed staying at Al Medina without being on a journey, (two Prayers) together and both complete. 21 )باب - 32 العلة التي من أجلها يجهر بالقراءة في صالة الظهر( يوم الجمعة وصالة المغرب والعشاء اآلخرة والغداة وال( )يجهر في الظهر والعصر في سائر االيام والعلة التي من أجلها( )صار التسبيح في الركعتين االخيرتين أفضل من القراءة( Chapter 12 The reason due to which the recitation is loudly in Al- Zohr Prayer on the day of Friday, and the Prayers of Al-Maghrib, and Al-Isa the last, and the morning, and it is not (to be recited loudly) in Al-Zohr and Al-Asr during the rest of the days; and the reason due to which the Glorification (Tasbeeh) in the two last Cycles came to be preferable than the recitation حدثنا حمزة بن محمد العلوي رحمه هللا قال: أخبرنا علي بن ابراهيم ابن هاشم عن ابيه عن عي بن معبد عن الحسن بن خالد عن محمد بن حمزة قال: قلت البي عبد هللا عليه السالم الي علة يجهر في صالة الفجر وصالة المغرب والعشاء اآلخرة وسائر الصلوات مثل الظهر والعصر ال يجهر فيها والي علة صار التسبيح في الركعتين االخيرتين أفضل من القراءة Hamza Bin Muhammad Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Ib Hashim, from his father, from Ayy Bin Ma bad Al Hassan Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Hamza who said, I said to Abu Abdullah asws, For which reason is loud (recitation) to be in Al-Fajr Prayer, and the Prayers of Al-Maghrib, and Al-Isha the last, and the rest of the Prayers like Al-Zohra and Al-Asr, there is no loud (recitation of Surahs) in these. And for which reason did the Glorification (Tasbeeh) in the two last Cycles come to be preferable that the recitation (of the Surahs)? قال: الن النبي صلى هللا عليه وآله لما أسري به إلى السماء كان أول صالة فرضها هللا عليه صالة الظهر يوم الجمعة فاضاف هللا تعالى إليه المالئكة تصلى خلفه وأمر هللا عزوجل نبيه أن يجهر بالقراءة ليبين لهم فضله He asws said: Because the Prophet saww, when he saww was ascended with to the sky, the first Prayer which Allah azwj Obligated upon him saww was Al-Zohr Prayer on the day of Friday. So Allah azwj Added to him saww, the Angels to Pray behind him saww, and Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded His azwj Prophet saww that he saww loud in the recitation in order to manifest its merit to them. 20 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 7 21 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 11 H 8 16 out of 45

17 ثم افترض عليه العصر ولم يضف إليه أحدا من المالئكة وأمره أن يخفي القراءة النه لم يكن وراءه أحد ثم افترض عليه المغرب ثم أضاف إليه المالئكة فأمره باالجهار وكذلك العشاء اآلخرة فلما كان قرب الفجر افترض االله تعالى عليه الفجر فأمره باالجهار وليبين للناس فضله كما بين للمالئكة فلهذه العلة يجهر فيها Then Allah azwj Obligated upon him saww, Al-Asr, and did not Add anyone from the Angels (to Pray behind him saww ), and Commanded him saww that he saww should hide the recitation (lower voice recitation), because there did not happen to be anyone behind him saww. Then He azwj Obligated upon him saww Al-Maghrib, then Added the Angels to (Pray behind) him saww, so He azwj Commanded him saww for the loudness (in the recitation). And similar to that is Al-Isha the last. So when it was near to the dawn, Allah azwj the High Obligated Al-Fajr upon him saww, so He azwj Commanded for the loudness (in the recitation), in order to manifest its merit to the people just as he saww had manifested to the Angels beforehand. Thus, this is the reason for the loud (recitation) in it. فقلت الى شئ صار التسبيح في االخيرتين أفضل من القراءة قال: النه لما كان في االخيرتين ذكر ما يظهر من عظمة هللا عزوجل فدهش وقال: سبحان هللا والحمد هللا وال إله إال هللا وهللا اكبر فلذلك العلة صار التسبيح أفضل من القراءة. So I said, For which reason did the Glorification (Tasbeeh) in the last two Cycles (of Prayer) come to be preferable than the recitation (of the Surahs)? He asws said: So when you are in the last two (Cycles of Prayer), mention what is apparent from the Greatness of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic, so be amazed and say, Glory be to Allah azwj, and the Praise is for Allah azwj, and there is no god except for Allah azwj, and Allah azwj is the Greatest. Thus, due to that is the reason for the Glorification come to be preferable that the recitation (of the Surahs). 22 )باب - 31 العلة التي من أجلها يجهر في صالة الفجر دون غيرها( )من صلوات النهار( Chapter 13 The reason due to which the loud (recitation of Surahs) is in Al Fajr Prayer besides it from the day Prayers أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا عبد هللا بن جعفر الحميري عن علي بن بشار عن موسى عن أخيه عن علي بن محمد عليه السالم انه أجاب في مسائل يحيى بن اكثم القاضي أما صالة الفجر وما يجهر فيها بالقراءة وهي من صالة النهار وإنما يجهر في صالة الليل قال: جهر فيها بالقراءة الن النبي صلى هللا عليه وآله كان يغلس فيها لقربها بالليل. My father said, Abdullah Bin Ja far Al Humeyri narrated to us, from Ali Bin Bashar, from Musa, from his brother, from Ali Bin Muhammad asws that he asws answered a question of Yahya Bin Aksam Al Qazy, As for Al-Fajr Prayer and what is loud in it with the recitation, and it is a Prayer of the day, but rather the loudness is in the Night Prayer? He asws said: Be loud in it with the recitation, because the Prophet saww used to (Pray at) dusk in it due to its proximity to the night ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 12 H 1 23 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 13 H 1 17 out of 45

18 )باب - 34 العلة التي من أجلها تصلى المغرب في السفر( )والحضر ثالث ركعات وسائر الصلوات ركعتين ركعتين( Chapter 14 The reason due to which Al-Maghrib is to be Prayed with three Cycles during the journey and the hazards, and the rest of the Prayers, two Cycles, two Cycles أخبرني علي بن حاتم فيما كتب إلى قال: أخبرنا القاسم بن محمد قال حدثنا حمدان بن الحسين عن الحسن بن ابراهيم يرفعه إلى محمد بن مسلم قال: قلت البي عبد هللا عليه السالم الي علة تصلى المغرب في السفر والحضر ثالث ركعات وسائر الصلوات ركعتين قال: الن رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله فرض عليه الصالة مثنى مثنى وأضاف إليها رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله ركعتين ثم نقض من المغرب ركعة ثم وضع رسول هللا ركعتين في السفر وترك المغرب وقال: اني استحي ان انقض منها مرتين فلذلك العلة تصلى ثالث ركعات في الحضر والسفر. Ali Bin Hatim informed me with regards to what he wrote to me, narrating from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Hamdan Bin Al Husayn, from Al Hassan Bin Ibrahim, raising it to Muhammad Bin Muslim who said, I said to Abu Abdullah asws, For which reason is Al-Maghrib to be Prayed with three Cycles during the journey and the hazards, and the rest of the Prayers are of two Cycles? He asws said: Because the Prayers were Obligated upon Rasool-Allah saww two by two, and Rasool-Allah saww increase two Cycles over it, then reduced one Cycle from Al-Maghrib. Then, Rasool-Allah saww displayed two Cycles during the journey and left Al-Maghrib (as three Cycles), and said: I asws am embarrassed that I saww should reduce from it, twice. Thus, it is due to that reason, you have to Pray three Cycles during the hazard and the journey. 24 )باب - 31 العلة التي من أجلها ال تقصير في صالة المغرب( )ونوافلها في السفر والحضر( Chapter 15 The reason due to which there is no shortening in Al- Maghrib Prayer and its Optional during the journey and the hazard حدثنا احمد بن محمد بن يحيى العطار عن أبيه قال: حدثنى أبو محمد العلوى الدينوري باسناده رفع الحديث إلى الصادق عليه السالم قال: قلت له لم صارت المغرب ثالث ركعات وأربعا بعدها ليس فيها تقصير في حضر وال سفر فقال: ان هللا عزوجل أنزل على نبيه صلى هللا عليه وآله لكل صالة ركعتين في الحضر فاضاف إليها رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله لكل صالة ركعتين في الحضر وقصر فيها في السفر إال المغرب والغداة Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar narrated to us, from his father, from Abu Muhammad Al Alawy Al Deynawary, by his chain, In a Hadeeth referred to, the narrator says, I said to Al-Sadiq asws, Why did Al- Maghrib come to be of three Cycles, and four after it, not being any reduction in it neither during the hazard nor in a journey? So he asws said: Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto His azwj Prophet saww, two Cycles for each Prayer, so Rasool- Allah saww increased upon it, two (more) Cycles for every Prayer. During hazards being present, and during the journey, reduced it, except for Al-Maghrib and the morning. فلما صلى المغرب بلغه مولد فاطمة عليها السالم فاضاف إليها ركعة شكرا هلل عزوجل فلما أن ولد الحسن عليه السالم أضاف إليها ركعتين شكرا هلل عزوجل فلما أن ولد الحسين )ع( أضاف إليها ركعتين شكرا هلل عزوجل 24 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 14 H 1 18 out of 45

19 So when he saww Prayed Al-Maghrib, it (news) reached him of the Zahoor Syeda Fatima asws, so he saww increase one Cycle in it as gratitude to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic. So when (the Holy Ahl Al-Bayt asws ) were blessed with Al-Hassan asws, he saww increased two Cycles in gratitude to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic. So when (the Holy Ahl Al-Bayt asws ) were blessed with Al-Husayn asws, he saww increased two Cycles in gratitude for Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic. فقال للذكر مثل حظ االنثيين فتركها على حالها في الحضر والسفر. So he asws said: For the male, a portion of two females (double), and he saww left it upon its state (no increased) during the hazard and the journey. 25 )باب - 36 العلة التي من أجلها تركت صالة الفجر على حالها( Chapter 16 The reason due to which Al-Fajr Prayer was left upon its state أبي رحمه هللا قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد هللا عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن الحسن بن محبوب قال: حدثنا هشام بن سالم عن أبي حمزة عن سعيد عن المسيب قال: سألت علي بن الحسين عليهما السالم فقلت له متى فرضت الصالة على المسلمين على ماهم اليوم عليه قال: فقال بالمدينة حين ظهرت الدعوة وقوى االسالم وكتب هللا عزوجل على المسلمين الجهاد My father said, Sa ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Saalim, from Abu Hamza, from Saeed, from Al Musayyab who said, I asked Ali asws Bin Al-Husayn asws, so I said to him asws, When was the Prayer Obligated upon the Muslims, what they are upon today? He asws said: At Al-Medina, when the Invitation (to Al-Islam) was made apparent, and Al-Islam was strong, and Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Prescribed the Jihad upon the Muslims. زاد رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله في الصالة سبع ركعات: في الظهر ركعتين وفي العصر ركعتين وفي المغرب ركعة وفي العشاء اآلخرة ركعتين وأقر الفجر على ما فرضت بمكة لتعجيل عروج مالئكة الليل إلى السماء ولتعجيل نزول مالئكة النهار إلى االرض فكان مالئكة النهار ومالئكة الليل يشهدون مع رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وآله صالة الفجر فلذلك قال هللا تعالى: )وقرآن الفجر إن قرآن الفجر كان مشهودا( ليشهده المسلمون وليشهده مالئكة النهار ومالئكة الليل. Rasool-Allah saww increase seven Cycles in the Prayer two Cycles in Al-Zohr, and two Cycles in Al-Asr, and one Cycle in Al-Maghrib, and two Cycles in Al-Isha the last, and acknowledged Al-Fajr upon what was Obligated at Makkah, due to expediting the ascension of the Angels of the night to the sky, and for expediting the descent of the Angels of the day to the earth, for the Angels of the day and Angels of the night were witnessing Al-Fajr with Rasool-Allah saww. Therefore, it was due to that, Allah azwj the High Said [17:78] surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed. The Muslims were witnessing it, and the Angels of the day and the Angels of the night were witnessing it ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 15 H 1 26 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 16 H 1 19 out of 45